CGPA (Cumulative Grade Point Average) is a grading metric used by CBSE Class 10 and most Indian universities to summarise academic performance on a 10-point scale. It is the arithmetic mean of the Grade Points (GP) earned in every subject in a given assessment cycle.
In the CBSE Class 10 scheme, marks in each of the five main subjects are converted to a Grade Point between 4 and 10 based on the official 9-point grade band table (A1 = 10, A2 = 9, B1 = 8, …, D = 4, with E meaning fail). The CGPA is the average of those five subject GPs. Many universities follow the same 10-point system at undergraduate and postgraduate level, though some — notably IGNOU and a few autonomous institutions — use a 10-point scale with credit weighting instead of a flat average.
To convert CBSE CGPA into a percentage, multiply by 9.5. The factor 9.5 is published in the CBSE Class 10 result-day notification and corresponds to the mid-point of the percentage range for each grade band.
For semester-based universities, CGPA is computed across every semester. The Semester Grade Point Average (SGPA) — the same calculation applied to a single semester — feeds into CGPA at the end of every academic year.