Academic Glossary

Attendance percentage is the proportion of classes attended versus total classes held, expressed out of 100.

The arithmetic mean is the sum of all values divided by the count of values — the most common form of 'average'.

CBSE Best of Five takes the five highest-scoring subjects from a Class 10 student's six subjects when computing aggregate percentage.

CGPA is the average of all grade points earned across subjects, used by CBSE Class 10 and most Indian universities on a 10-point scale.

First Division is the academic classification awarded to students who achieve 60% or above in their final aggregate.

FSc aggregate is the total marks earned across all subjects in both years of the Pakistan Higher Secondary (HSSC) FSc programme.

GPA is the weighted average of letter-grade points across courses, most commonly on a 4.0 scale used in US colleges.

A grade is a letter or band classification (A, B, C…) representing a range of marks or grade points.

IGNOU weightage splits a course grade 70/30 between the term-end exam (70%) and assignment marks (30%).

Marks are the numerical score awarded for a student's performance in a test, exam or assessment component.

MDCAT aggregate is the weighted admission score combining Matric (10%), FSc (40%) and MDCAT test (50%) for Pakistan medical-college entry.

The median is the middle value when all data points are sorted in order — half score below, half score above.

The mode is the value that appears most frequently in a dataset — there may be one, multiple, or no mode.

Percentage is the value of a number expressed as a fraction of 100, calculated as (obtained ÷ total) × 100.

Percentile is the percentage of test-takers a student outscored — it ranks relative performance, not absolute marks.

Rank is the position a student holds when all candidates are sorted by their score, from highest (Rank 1) downward.

SGPA is the grade point average for a single semester, calculated as credit-weighted mean of subject grade points.

Weighted average multiplies each value by its assigned weight, sums the products, then divides by the sum of the weights.